1. Reasonably select cutting parameters

   For efficient metal cutting, the three major elements are the material being processed, the cutting tool, and the cutting conditions. These determine the processing time, tool life, and processing quality. An economical and effective processing method must inevitably involve reasonable selection of cutting conditions.

   The three essential elements of cutting conditions: cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth directly cause tool damage. As the cutting speed increases, the tool tip temperature rises, resulting in mechanical, chemical, and thermal wear. A 20% increase in cutting speed reduces tool life by half.

   The relationship between feed conditions and tool flank wear occurs within a very narrow range. However, when the feed rate is high, the cutting temperature rises, leading to significant flank wear. It has a smaller impact on the tool than cutting speed. Although the impact of cutting depth on the tool is less than that of cutting speed and feed rate, when cutting with a very small depth, the material being cut can produce a hardened layer, which can also affect the tool's lifespan.

   Users should select the cutting speed based on the material being processed, hardness, cutting conditions, material type, feed rate, depth of cut, etc., as shown in the table below:

   The selection of suitable processing conditions is based on these factors. Achieving a regular and stable wear life is the ideal condition.

   However, in practical operations, the selection of tool life is related to tool wear, changes in machined dimensions, surface quality, cutting noise, machining heat, etc. When determining machining conditions, research needs to be conducted based on the actual situation. For difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel and heat-resistant alloys, coolants can be used or a tool with a good rigidity can be selected.

 2. Reasonably select cutting tools

   1) When performing rough turning, it is necessary to choose a tool with high strength and good durability to meet the requirements of large depth of cut and feed during rough turning.

   2) When performing precision turning, it is necessary to select cutting tools with high accuracy and good durability to ensure the required machining accuracy.

   3) To reduce tool change time and facilitate tool setting, it is advisable to use clamped tools and clamped inserts as much as possible.

 3. Reasonably select fixtures

   1) Try to use general-purpose fixtures to clamp workpieces, and avoid using specialized fixtures;

   2) The positioning benchmarks of the parts should coincide to reduce positioning errors.

 4. Determine the processing route

   The machining route refers to the trajectory and direction of the tool relative to the part during the CNC lathe machining process.

   1) It should be able to ensure the machining accuracy and surface roughness requirements;

   2) The machining route should be shortened as much as possible to reduce the idle travel time of the tool.

 5. The relationship between machining route and machining allowance

   Currently, under the condition that CNC lathes have not yet achieved widespread use, excessive allowance on the blank, especially that containing forged or cast hard skin layers, should generally be processed on conventional lathes. If CNC lathes are necessary for processing, attention should be paid to the flexible arrangement of the program.

 6. Key points for fixture installation

   Currently, the connection between the hydraulic chuck and the hydraulic clamping cylinder is achieved through a tie rod

   The key points for clamping with a hydraulic chuck are as follows: First, use a wrench to remove the nut on the hydraulic cylinder, remove the pull tube, and extract it from the rear end of the spindle. Then, use a wrench to remove the chuck's fixing screw, and the chuck can be removed.

   The "relief grinding" on a tool refers to a small section of the tool blade ground in the direction of the minor clearance angle behind the cutting edge, parallel to the tool tip. It is mainly used for secondary cutting after the primary cutting, equivalent to a finishing process to remove burrs and other defects, with the aim of improving the surface roughness of the workpiece. It is commonly used on tools for finishing.